Quickstart

In Wow you write the domain as plain Kotlin: commands, events, a state, and an aggregate that decides. The compiler turns them into models and a contract, and the Spring Boot host serves them over HTTP, with no controller or repository to write. This page builds a small bank service in one Gradle module: an account aggregate, its test, and a server that keeps its data in memory.

Pre-release

Wow 10.0.0-alpha.4 is a pre-release. Its API, configuration and stored formats may still change before 10.0.0.

What you need

• JDK 21.
• Gradle 9 with the Kotlin JVM plugin. The Wow Gradle plugin applies KSP and the Wow compiler.

Set up the build

settings.gradle.kts:

pluginManagement {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }
}

dependencyResolutionManagement {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.name = "bank"

build.gradle.kts:

plugins {
    kotlin("jvm") version "2.4.21"
    // Applies KSP with wow-compiler of the same version, and assembles the service's Manifest.
    id("me.ahoo.wow") version "10.0.0-alpha.4"
    application
}

kotlin {
    jvmToolchain(21)
}

application {
    mainClass.set("me.ahoo.wow.example.quickstart.BankServerKt")
}

dependencies {
    // The V10 BOM: one version for every Wow module.
    implementation(platform("me.ahoo.wow:wow-bom:10.0.0-alpha.4"))
    // The kernel the generated models build on.
    implementation("me.ahoo.wow:wow-kernel")
    // The Spring Boot host: auto-configuration, the HTTP routes, the memory backend.
    implementation("me.ahoo.wow:wow-spring-boot")
    // Jakarta Bean Validation: the host checks the commands' constraints (@field:Positive) at admission.
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation")
    // The aggregate test DSL, package me.ahoo.wow.test.
    testImplementation("me.ahoo.wow:wow-test")
    testImplementation(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:6.1.3"))
    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter")
    testImplementation("me.ahoo.test:fluent-assert-core:1.2.1")
    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher")
}

tasks.test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

The plugin is published to Maven Central with its marker, so pluginManagement needs mavenCentral(). A pre-release has only exact versions there: write 10.0.0-alpha.4, not a range. A real service splits into an api, a domain and a server module (Add Wow to an Existing Service); one module is enough to try it.

Write the commands and events

Name the context once, with @BoundedContext. Commands and events are data classes. A command carries no aggregate id: the id comes from the route. A deposit and a withdrawal are of a positive amount: that is the command's shape, a Jakarta constraint the host checks before the account decides.

package me.ahoo.wow.example.quickstart

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Positive
import me.ahoo.wow.api.annotation.BoundedContext
import me.ahoo.wow.api.annotation.CreateAggregate
import me.ahoo.wow.api.annotation.Summary

@BoundedContext(name = "bank", description = "Accounts and their balances")
object BankBoundedContext

@CreateAggregate
@Summary("Open an account")
data class OpenAccount(val owner: String)

@Summary("Deposit money")
data class Deposit(@field:Positive val amount: Long)

@Summary("Withdraw money")
data class Withdraw(@field:Positive val amount: Long)

@Summary("An account was opened")
data class AccountOpened(val owner: String)

@Summary("Money was deposited")
data class Deposited(val amount: Long)

@Summary("Money was withdrawn")
data class Withdrawn(val amount: Long)

Write the state and the aggregate

The state applies each event in an onSourcing function. The aggregate decides each command in an onCommand function: it returns events, or a Decision that rejects the command with an error code, in which case nothing is written. It rejects only what needs its state, a withdrawal the balance does not cover.

package me.ahoo.wow.example.quickstart

import me.ahoo.wow.api.annotation.AggregateRoot
import me.ahoo.wow.api.annotation.ErrorCode
import me.ahoo.wow.api.annotation.OnCommand
import me.ahoo.wow.api.decide.Decision

class AccountState {
    var owner: String = ""
        private set
    var balance: Long = 0
        private set

    fun onSourcing(event: AccountOpened) {
        owner = event.owner
    }

    fun onSourcing(event: Deposited) {
        balance += event.amount
    }

    fun onSourcing(event: Withdrawn) {
        balance -= event.amount
    }
}

@AggregateRoot
class Account(private val state: AccountState) {
    fun onCommand(command: OpenAccount): AccountOpened = AccountOpened(command.owner)

    fun onCommand(command: Deposit): Deposited = Deposited(command.amount)

    @OnCommand(produces = [Withdrawn::class])
    fun onCommand(command: Withdraw): Decision =
        if (command.amount > state.balance) {
            Decision.reject(Rejections.INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE, "The balance is ${state.balance}.")
        } else {
            Decision.events(Withdrawn(command.amount))
        }

    /** The codes it rejects with, by local name: the Manifest and its answers say `bank.account.insufficient-balance`. */
    object Rejections {
        @ErrorCode(description = "The balance does not cover the withdrawal.", status = 409)
        const val INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE = "insufficient-balance"
    }
}

@OnCommand(produces = ...) tells the contract which events a function that returns Decision can produce. Write an Aggregate covers every rule.

Test it

The compiler generated accountModel beside Account. aggregateSpec runs it on the real kernel with an in-memory log: given these events, when this command, expect these events and this state.

package me.ahoo.wow.example.quickstart

import me.ahoo.test.asserts.assert
import me.ahoo.wow.test.aggregateSpec
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test

class AccountSpec {
    private val model = accountModel("bank")

    @Test
    fun `opening an account names its owner`() = aggregateSpec(model, id = "alice") {
        whenCommand(OpenAccount("Alice")) {
            expectEvents(AccountOpened("Alice"))
            expectState { owner.assert().isEqualTo("Alice") }
        }
    }

    @Test
    fun `a deposit adds to the balance`() = aggregateSpec(model, id = "alice") {
        given(AccountOpened("Alice"))
        whenCommand(Deposit(100)) {
            expectEvents(Deposited(100))
            expectState { balance.assert().isEqualTo(100) }
        }
    }

    @Test
    fun `a withdrawal the balance does not cover is rejected`() = aggregateSpec(model, id = "alice") {
        given(AccountOpened("Alice"), Deposited(100))
        whenCommand(Withdraw(150)) { expectRejected(Account.Rejections.INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE) }
        whenCommand(Withdraw(30)) {
            expectEvents(Withdrawn(30))
            expectState { balance.assert().isEqualTo(70) }
        }
    }
}

./gradlew test

Test Domain Code lists every expectation.

Run the service

The server is a Spring Boot application. The host finds the generated models on the class path and serves them:

package me.ahoo.wow.example.quickstart

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication

@SpringBootApplication(proxyBeanMethods = false)
class BankServer

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    runApplication<BankServer>(*args)
}

src/main/resources/application.yaml runs one node with its data in memory, and serves the snapshot queries from memory too:

spring:
  application:
    name: bank-service
server:
  port: 8080
wow:
  # One node, its data in memory: for trying the service out, not for production.
  backend: memory
  # Serve the snapshot queries from memory too.
  query:
    memory:
      enabled: true
  internal:
    port: 9090

./gradlew run

The node serves its routes on port 8080 and its internal port on 9090. It warns that its data is in memory, and that every request is the anonymous caller until the application authenticates callers (Serve and Call the HTTP API).

Send commands

Each command has a route, POST /<context>/<aggregate>/<id>/<command>, the command's name in kebab case:

curl -X POST localhost:8080/bank/account/alice/open-account \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"owner":"Alice"}'
curl -X POST localhost:8080/bank/account/alice/deposit \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"amount":100}'
curl -X POST localhost:8080/bank/account/alice/withdraw \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"amount":150}'

A command answers its result, "status":"SUCCEEDED" with the account's new version, once the snapshot holds its commit, so a read right after it sees the change. The withdrawal is rejected: the answer is an RFC 9457 problem, status 409, with "code":"bank.account.insufficient-balance".

A deposit of nothing never reaches the account:

curl -X POST localhost:8080/bank/account/alice/deposit \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"amount":0}'

It answers status 400 with "code":"wow.command.invalid" and its violations, [{"path":"amount","code":"Positive","message":"must be greater than 0"}].

Read and query

Read one account's state, then query all of them by balance:

curl localhost:8080/bank/account/alice/state
curl -X POST localhost:8080/bank/account/snapshot/query \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"kind":"list","filter":{"op":"GTE","field":"state.balance","value":100}}'

The first answers the version and the state, {"balance":100,"owner":"Alice"}; the second a list of snapshots, alice's among them. Query Snapshots describes filters, sorts, pages and the other kinds of query. On the memory backend the queries are served only with wow.query.memory.enabled; PostgreSQL and MongoDB serve them themselves.

Send commands from code

Application code sends command objects through the host's CommandClient, with the same admission as the HTTP routes:

package me.ahoo.wow.example.quickstart

import me.ahoo.wow.api.aggregate.AggregateType
import me.ahoo.wow.api.caller.Caller
import me.ahoo.wow.api.client.CommandClient
import me.ahoo.wow.api.result.CommandResult
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service

/** Deposits from application code, through the host's [CommandClient]: the same admission as the HTTP routes. */
@Service
class Teller(private val commands: CommandClient) {
    suspend fun deposit(accountId: String, amount: Long): CommandResult =
        commands.wait(Deposit(amount), ACCOUNT.ref(Caller.DEFAULT_TENANT, accountId))

    private companion object {
        val ACCOUNT = AggregateType("bank", "account")
    }
}

wait answers once the command's wait ends, the snapshot by default; send answers once it is accepted. Call Other Services shows the rest.

Where to go next

• The concepts. Architecture Overview explains what the host did for you.
• A real service. Add Wow to an Existing Service lays a service out in modules.
• The guide. Developer Guide shows each task: sagas, projections, queries, tests.
• The full example. The eShop is five services on PostgreSQL, Kafka and ClickHouse, with sagas between contexts, scheduled commands, datasets and a web UI.
• This sample is example/quickstart, built and tested with every change.